Comment from Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC
Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDCOpposeAdvocacy
Summary: The Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC) opposes the issuance of deep seabed mining exploration licenses to American Metal Resources, LLC and SeaX, Inc. They argue that there is insufficient scientific knowledge to evaluate the environmental impacts of mining in the Clarion Clipperton Zone and urge the U.S. to support a moratorium on the activity.
Comment from Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC) (upload 5)
Attachments
- AMR and SeaX_exploration license apps_NRDC comments (PDF)
- NRDC_source index AMR SeaX (PDF)
- Williams et al. 2022. Noise from deep-sea mining may span vast ocean areas (PDF)
- Williams et al. 2025. Noise from DSM in CCZ (PDF)
- Yao et al. 2025. Development of deep-sea mining and its environmental impacts - a review (PDF)
- Young et al_Threatened cetaceans in a potential deep seabed mining region (PDF)
- Agreement relating to the Implementation of Part XI_signatories 48_263 (PDF)
- Agreement Relating to the Implementation of UNCLOS 48_263 (PDF)
- Burton_Freedom of the Seas International Law (PDF)
- Center for Biological Diversity Case MTD 15-723 (PDF)
- Center for Biological Diversity Case settlement (PDF)
- Continental Shelf Case_Libyan Arab Jamahiriya Malta_Judgment_I.C.J. Reports 1985 (PDF)
- CRS Outer Limits of US ECS (PDF)
- ILC_Draft Conclusions on identification of customary international law (PDF)
- ISA Mining Code (PDF)
- ISA_Decision of the Council of the ISA relating to review of the environmental mgmt plan CCZ (PDF)
- ISA_Exploration Contracts_International Seabed Authority (PDF)
- ISA_Statement of the United States on Publicizing the Limits of the U.S. Extended Continental Shelf (PDF)
- ISA_U.S. Intervention at ISA Council Meeting on Proposed APEI-13 Designation (PDF)
- Keating Bitonti__Interest in Seabed Mining in Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction (PDF)